优化营商环境｜世界银行营商环境评价环境许可问卷解读②

 是。生态环境部制定的《建设项目环境影响评价技术导则 总纲》明确环境影响报告书编制一般包括概述、总则、建设项目工程分析、环境现状调查与评价、环境影响预测与评价、环境保护措施及其可行性论证、环境影响经济损益分析、环境管理与监测计划、环境影响评价结论和附录附件等内容。

 《环境影响评价公众参与办法》明确，建设单位应当依法听取环境影响评价范围内的公民、法人和其他组织的意见。对收到的公众意见，建设单位应当综合考虑建设项目情况、环境影响报告书编制单位或者其他有能力的单位的建议、技术经济可行性等因素，采纳与建设项目环境影响有关的合理意见。

Yes. According to the Technical Guideline for Environmental Impact Assessment of Construction Projects—General Program, issued by the Ministry of Ecology and Environment, the preparation of environmental impact reports typically includes the following sections: project overview, general principles, construction project engineering analysis, environmental status survey and evaluation, environmental impact prediction and assessment, environmental protection measures and feasibility studies, economic benefit and loss analysis of environmental impact, environmental management and monitoring plan, conclusions of the environmental impact assessment, and appendices.

The Measures for Public Participation in Environmental Impact Assessment require that a construction entity must solicit opinions from citizens, legal entities, and other organizations within the EIA scope, in accordance with the law. Upon receiving public feedback, the construction entity should thoroughly evaluate the project’s status, consider suggestions from the environmental impact report preparer or other qualified entities, assess technical and economic feasibility, and incorporate reasonable opinions related to the project’s environmental impact.

 《中华人民共和国环境影响评价法》明确，建设项目的环境影响报告，由建设单位按照国务院的规定报有审批权的生态环境主管部门审批。《建设项目环境影响报告书（表）编制监督管理办法》明确，各级生态环境主管部门在环境影响报告受理过程中，应当对报批的环境影响报告进行编制规范性检查及质量检查。

 《上海市环境保护局关于规范环境影响评价技术评估工作的通知》明确落实技术审查和行政审批分离。因此，技术评估属于独立机构开展的外部审查。

 《环境影响评价公众参与办法》明确，生态环境主管部门应当在受理环境影响报告后及做出审批决定前，通过其网站或者其他方式向社会公开项目基本信息、环评文件，充分征集公众意见。办法还指出，生态环境部门对涉及公共利益、认为需要听证的重大行政许可事项，应当组织召开听证会，充分听取公民、法人和其他组织的意见。

The Law of the People’s Republic of China on Environmental Impact Assessment stipulates that the environmental impact report for a construction project shall be submitted by the construction entity according to the relevant provisions of the State Council to the competent authorities of ecological and environmental protection for examination and approval. Moreover, as specified by the Measures for the Supervision and Administration of the Preparation of Environmental Impact Reports (Forms) on Construction Projects, ecological and environmental protection authorities at all levels must conduct both normative and quality checks on the environmental impact reports received during the approval process.

The Notice of Shanghai Municipal Bureau of Ecology and Environment on Standardizing the Technical Review of Environmental Impact Assessments requires the separation of technical review from administrative approval. Thus, technical reviews are conducted externally by independent institutions.

According to the Measures for Public Participation in Environmental Impact Assessment, upon receiving the environmental impact report and before making an approval decision, the competent authorities of ecological and environmental protection must disclose the project’s basic information and environmental impact assessment documents to the public through their websites or other channels to solicit public opinions. Additionally, the authorities must organize hearings for major administrative licensing matters that involve public interests and require hearings to ensure that the opinions of citizens, legal entities, and other organizations are fully considered.

 是。《中华人民共和国环境影响评价法》第二十一条：除国家规定需要保密的情形外，对环境可能造成重大影响、应当编制环境影响报告书的建设项目，建设单位应当在报批建设项目环境影响报告书前，举行论证会、听证会，或者采取其他形式，征求有关单位、专家和公众的意见。《上海市环境影响评价公众参与办法》对环评阶段的公众参与做出了具体规定。

Yes. According to Article 21, Law of the People’s Republic of China on Environmental Impact Assessment, unless it is provided by the state that it is necessary to keep confidential, for the construction projects which may impose significant environmental impacts and for which it is necessary to work out a report of environmental impacts, the construction entity shall, before submitting the construction project for examination and approval, seek the opinions of relevant entities, experts, and the general public by holding demonstration meetings, hearings, or by any other means. The Measures of Shanghai Municipality for Public Participation in Environmental Impact Assessment also offer specific guidelines for engaging the public during the assessment process.

 是。《上海市环境影响评价公众参与办法》明确了公示内容要求，确保易于公众获取和理解项目信息。公众参与形式包括在相关官网公示、现场张贴公告及登报等，确保信息易于获取，并广泛征求公众意见。针对敏感项目，必要时举行论证会、听证会，充分听取公众意见。《办法》鼓励建设单位通过发放科普资料、张贴科普海报、举办科普讲座、参观企业或者通过学校、社区、大众传播媒介等途径，向公众宣传与建设项目环境影响有关的科学知识。

Yes. The Measures of Shanghai Municipality for Public Participation in Environmental Impact Assessment specify the requirements for public notices, ensuring that project information is easily accessible and understandable to the public. The forms of public participation include publishing project details on relevant official websites and posting notices on-site and in newspapers to ensure information accessibility and broadly seek public opinions. For sensitive projects, demonstration meetings and hearings will be held when necessary to thoroughly consider public opinions. Additionally, the Measures encourage construction entities to raise awareness about the environmental impacts of construction projects through various means, such as distributing information, posting posters, holding lectures, organizing visits to enterprises, and collaborating with schools, communities, and the media.

 政府和有关部门在女性权益保障制度和组织引导等层面积极作为。从制度层面，我国《中华人民共和国妇女权益保障法》明确保障女性的就业、职业发展等有关权益。上海层面，有《上海市妇女权益保障条例》强化女性人才的培养、引进、评价激励、成长发展、服务保障等措施，发挥女性在高水平人才高地建设中的作用。为妇女创造公平的就业创业环境。

 从组织引导来说，生态环境部门会同相关行业协会组织，积极组织开展行业巾帼建功标兵选树、三八红旗手选树等活动，表彰鼓励女性从业人才。

The government and relevant departments have proactively taken measures to safeguard women’s rights and interests, both through institutional frameworks and by providing organization and guidance. Institutionally, the Law of the People’s Republic of China on the Protection of Women’s Rights and Interests mandates the protection of women’s rights and interests in employment and career development. In Shanghai, the city has introduced the Regulations on the Protection of Women’s Rights and Interests, strengthening measures for the cultivation, recruitment, evaluation, encouragement, development, and support of female talent to fully leverage the role of women in building Shanghai into a high-level talent hub. The Regulations also require a fair employment and entrepreneurship environment for women.

In terms of organization and guidance, the departments of ecological and environmental protection, in collaboration with relevant industry associations and organizations, have actively organized activities such as selecting Role Model Female Workers and March 8th Red-Banner Pacesetters. These initiatives aim to recognize and encourage female professionals in the field.