www.jfdaily.com 2007-10-12 09:21
稿件来源:新闻晚报
中考试卷中短文阅读占有很大的比例,下面就以一篇短文为例,和同学们谈一谈怎样才能做好完形填空。
Now many middle
school students have got a mobile phone. Because a lot of parents think i____1__
their children have mobile phones, it is easier for parents to k___2___ in touch
with their children at any time. If a child is in d__3___ or lost, they can help
him or her in time.But some teachers don’t t__4____ it is a good idea for
students to carry mobile phones to school. They say students depend too much on
them. For example, if they forget something, they may phone home and tell their
parents to b___5___ it to school. Some othert eachers say students shouldn’t
have mobile phones at school because some students send short m___6___ or play
games and don’
t listen to the teachers carefully in class. These make
teachers feel a____7___ and they are bad for studying. So mobile phones have
become a problem for middle school students. Many teachers think it isn’t
necessary to bring them to school. Some middle school have stopped students from
using mobile phones d___8___ school
hours.
通读全文了解大意
在考场上,同学们应克服恐惧心理,以平常心对待完形填空,拿到试题后,不要急于求成,或凭着自己的主观臆断,见一个空格就填一个空格(首字母填空也是一样,不要见一个首字母,就把与这个首字母有关的单词往空格中去填),而要跳过空格,认真粗读一遍短文,以便理解短文的大意,了解文章的时代背景和概要。我们知道完形填空短文没有标题,同学们可以从短文的第一句话和最后一句话寻找主题句,也可以从短文当中寻找关键句,这样会从中得到启示,有利于了解全文的大意。例如:我们可以从上文中的第一句话(Now
many middle school students have got a mobile
phone),了解本文的主要内容。
承上启下瞻前顾后
在读完全文之后,同学们对全文的大意有一个整体印象。因此,大家就可以根据已经找到的主题句和关键句,仔细地分析上下文所提供语境,一步一步地进行推理,层层推进,顺理填空。随着理解的逐步深入,选项里的某项答案会自然而然的显现出来;在进行语法等多方面的综合考虑之后,答案进一步得到验证。如果有时候有的答案有难度,不容易马上做出来,或者好像几个选项都可以,犹豫不定,这时候,同学们不要着急,应注意这个选项空白处的前后的词和句子,有无前后的呼应和对比关系,有无and,or,but,however,这样的并列连词,有没有if,when,because,unless,although,等引状语从句的从属连词,把行文的意思连贯起来。例如:Because
a lot of parents think i____1__ their children have mobile phones, it is easier
for parents to k___2___ in touch with their children at any
time.在上面这个句子中,think后面接的是一个宾语从句,而宾语从句中又接了一个状语从句,再由后面的主句的意思可以推断是由if引导的条件状语从句;其次,在没有找到选项的前后的呼应和对比关系时,大家就应该能够回过头来,再重读一遍上文或者再读下文,耐心地把文章读完,其实往往上、下文当中有着直接或间接的暗示,这时候你会惊喜地发现,正确的答案就在上下文当中,也就是我们所说的在做题时要瞻前顾后。例如:b___5___这一空格,同学们首先找到词组tellsb.todosth.,知道这里所缺的是动词,再看下面的最后一段的第二行(it
isn’t necessary to bring them to school.),这里就有bring them to
school,空格b___5___就应该填bring;再比如:But some teachers don’t t__4____ it is a good
idea for students to carry mobile phones to
school,同学们通过don’t可以判断后面需要填一个动词,再回过头来读文章中的第一段第二句话,同学们就很容易得出结论,think是正确答案。
综合考虑上下连贯
在了解全文的大意之后,同学们已经理解文章材料所叙述的表层内容信息,还有要理解文章材料中的上下文的连贯意义、字里行间的引申意义等深层意义。怎样才能了解文章材料中的深层意义,这就必须从文章的内容、已学过的语法、习惯用法、固定搭配方面综合考虑应该选哪一个选项,例如,理解词汇的英语意义,要懂得词汇的内含。因此,首先要考虑一个句子当中缺什么成份,用哪一个词形,比如:it
is easier for parents to k___2___ in touch with their children at any
time.,先要考虑的it是实形式主语,to后面接的是动词原形,是实际主语,还必须掌握keep in touch with这一词组;再比如:If a child
is in d__3___ or lost,they can help him or her in
time.我们可以判断介词in后面缺的是一个名词,再从后面一句they can help him or her in time. 和与之并列的or
lost来推断,这里应填danger;此外,如果是动词的话,那么则应该考虑这个动词应该用哪一种时态、是否需要用被动语态?如果要填的是名词话,别忘记考虑单数和复数的问题,例如:Some
other teachers say students shouldn’t have mobile phones at school because some
students send short m___6___ or play games and don’t listen to the teachers
carefully in
class.这里需要填入的是一个名词,而前面没有a,则必须用复数messages;如果遇到的是形容词、副词需要考虑得比较级和最高级。所以在复习阶段,同学熟练地掌握初中学过的语法知识,牢记考纲中的单词和习惯用法,做题时,从以上几个方面综合考虑,才能迅速准确地找到选项的答案。